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the performer should return to the main tempo of the piece, such as after an accelerando or ritardando) also may be found in combination with other terms such as a tempo giusto (in strict time) or a tempo di menuetto (at the speed of a minuet) ab ( Ger.) off, organ stops or mutes abafando ( Port.) muffled, muted abandon or avec ( Fr.) free, unrestrained, passionate abbandonatamente, con abbandono freely, in relaxed mode aber ( Ger.) but accarezzevole Expressive and caressing accelerando (accel.) Accelerating gradually increasing the tempo accelerato with increased tempo accent Accent, emphasis accentato/accentuato Accented with emphasis acceso Ignited, on fire accessible Music that is easy to listen to/understand acciaccato Broken down, crushed the sounding of the notes of a chord not quite simultaneously, but from bottom to top acciaccatura Crushing (i.e. played or sung from written notation but without prior review of the written material refer to the figure) a tempo In time (i.e.

the performer need not follow the rhythm strictly, for example in a cadenza) a prima vista lit.

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'in a chapel' vocal parts only, without instrumental accompaniment a capriccio A free and capricious approach to tempo a due (a 2) intended as a duet for two voices or instruments together two instruments are to play in unison after a solo passage for one of the instruments a niente To nothing indicating a diminuendo which fades completely away a piacere At pleasure (i.e. Not recommended in string parts, due to possible confusion with battuto (qv.) use a tempo, which means the same thing a bene placito Up to the performer a cappella lit. a battuta Return to normal tempo after a deviation. On these organ stops, some of the knobs have numbers indicating the length in feet of the longest (the lowest note) organ pipe of the stopġ′ 'sifflet' or one foot organ stop I usually for orchestral string instruments, used to indicate that the player should play the passage on the highest-pitched, thinnest string 1 + 3⁄ 5′ Tierce organ stop 2′ two feet – pipe organ indication see Organ stop § Pitch and length 2 + 2⁄ 3′ pipe organ stop for the twelfth interval II usually for orchestral string instruments, used to indicate that the player should play the passage on the second highest string II cymbal stop on pipe organ III usually for orchestral string instruments, used to indicate that the player should play the passage on the third-highest string 4′ four feet – pipe organ rank that speaks one octave higher than 8′ IV usually for orchestral string instruments, used to indicate that the player should play the passage on the lowest-pitched, thickest string, ie the fourth-highest string IV–VI mixture stop on pipe organ 8′ eight-foot pipe – pipe organ indication 16′ sixteen-foot pipe – pipe organ indication calling for one octave below 8′ 32′ thirty-two-foot pipe – pipe organ indication calling for two octaves below 8′ also called sub-bass 64′ sixty-four-foot pipe – pipe organ indication (only a few organs have this deep a pitch) A a or à ( Fr.) at, to, by, for, in à la ( Fr.) in the style of. Some composers prefer terms from their own language rather than the standard terms listed here. The list can never be complete: some terms are common, and others are used only occasionally, and new ones are coined from time to time. Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. Most of the other terms are taken from French and German, indicated by Fr. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases differ from the original or current Italian meanings. Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. JSTOR ( June 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī variety of musical terms are likely to be encountered in printed scores, music reviews, and program notes.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: 'Glossary of music terminology' – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.

Speed up playback on aria maestosa